Vitamin D and microRNAs: Role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer (Review)

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated how the development breast cancer (BC) is associated with several environmental risk factors able to induce both genetic and epigenetic modifications, leading neoplastic transformation. In this context, it been shown dietary influence BC cell progression by modulating biomarkers, which microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are one most extensively studied. Of note, have implicated in protection; a number studies focused on protective role vitamin D (VitD) BC, as well its potential therapeutic application patients undergoing treatments. Despite numerous available literature, conflicting data reported about modifications induced VitD expression levels miRNAs involved BC. Therefore, present review reports latest findings describing existing interplay between discusses epigenetics pathogenesis prognosis tumor. Specifically, dual association described, presenting demonstrating receptor (VDR) modulation miRNAs, some directly bind mRNA coding for VDR, thus regulating activation pathway.